Mitochondrial DNA resolution of two new sequences Polyacant horhynchus echiyensis n. sp. and Polyacant horhynchus nigerianus n. sp. (Polyacantho cephala: Acanthocephala) in a parentenic host from a tropical River
P C Echi
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
K Suresh, G Sanil
Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
FO Iyaji, CD Nwani and VC Ejere
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, UNN
Abstract
Acanthocephalan fauna are distributed globally as visceral parasites of vertebrates and arthropods. Morphological description of four known species of the newly described class Polyacanthocephala has been replete with controversies. However, Mitochondrial COI gene of two new cystacanths sequences; Polyacanthorhynchus nigerianus n.sp. (NG1 KC904074) and Polyacanthorhynchus echiyensis n.sp. (NG5 KC904075) infecting some parentenic individuals of Synodontis batensoda in Nigeria were sequenced. The resulting sequences were aligned with 36 other sequences of acanthocephalans representing three widely recognized classes; Archiacanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala and Eoacanthocephala. The only representative of the new class Polyacanthocephala in the GenBank/NCBI Polyacanthorhynchus caballeroi (DQ089724) formed a common clade with these two new sequences. This study thus supports existence of the new class Polyacanthocephala as an independent class within Acanthocephala.
COI gene, gene data base, parasites, Synodontis batensoda
Amin, O.M. 1987. Key to the families and subfamilies of Acanthocephala with the erection of a new class (Polyacanthocephala) and a new order (Polyacanthorhynchida). J of Parasitol, 73: 1216 – 1219.
Amin, O. M and Dezfuli,S.B. 1995. Taxonomic notes on Polyacanthocephala kenyensis (Acanthocephala: Polyacanthorhynchidae) from Lake Naivasha, Kenya. J of Parasitol, 81: 76 – 79.
Echi, P. C and Ezenwaji, H. M. G. 2010. The parasites fauna of characids’ (Osteichthyes: Characidae) Anambra River, Nigeria. Afr J of Ecol, 48: 1 – 4.
Elsasser S.C., Floyd, R., Hebert, P.D and Schulte-Hostedde, A. I. 2009. Species identification of North American guinea worms (Nematoda: Dracunculus) with DNA barcoding. Mol Ecol Res, 9:707-712.
Gracia-Varela, M., Cummings, M. P., Pe´rez-Ponce, D. L. G., Gardner, S. L and Laclettea, P. J. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences supports the existence of class polyacanthocephala (acanthocephala). Mol Phylo and Evol, 23: 288 – 292.
Gracia-Varela, M and Nadler, S. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeacanthocephala (Acanthocephala) inferred from SSU LSU rDNA gene sequences. J of Parasitol, 91:1401-1409.
Garey, J., Near, T., Nonnemacher, M and Nadler, S. 1996.Molecular evidence of Acanthocephala as a subtaxon of Rotifera. J of Mol Evol, 43: 287-292.
Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L and Dewaard, J.R. 2003a. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270: 313-321.
Locke, S. A, Mclaughlin, J. D and Macroglose, D. J. 2010.DNA barcodes show cryptic diversity and a potential physiological basis for host specificity among Diplostomoidea (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) parasitizing freshwater fish in the St Lawrence River canal. Mol Ecol Res, 19: 2813-2827.
Marek, S., Zie, T and Jaakko, L. 2002. Speciation by host switch and adaptive radiation in a fish parasite genus Gyrodactylus (monogenea, gyrodactylidae). Evol, 56:2445–2458.
Monks, S and Richardson, D. J. 2011. Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771 In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootax, 3148: 234–237.
Near, J. T., Garey, J. R and Nadler, S. A. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the acanthocephala inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. Mol Phyl and Evol, 10: 287–298.
Perkins, S., Martinsen, E and Falk, B. 2011. Do molecules matter more than morphology? Promises and Pitfalls in parasites. Parasitol, 138: 1664-1674.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M and Kumar, S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol Biol and Evol, 28: 2731-2739.
Van Cleave, H. 1936. Recognition of a new order in the Acanthocephala. J of Parasitol, 22: 202-206.
Verweyen, L., Klimpel, S and Palm, H. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Acanthocphala (Classs Palaeacanthocephala) with paraphyletic assemblage of the orders Polymorphida and Echinorhynchida. PLo, 6: e28285.
Ward, R. D., Hanner, R and Hebert, P. D. N. 2009. The campaign to DNA barcode all fishes, FISH-BOL. J of Fish Biol, 74: 329-356.
Waters, J. M and Cambray, J. A. 1997. Intraspecific phylogeography of the Cape galaxias from South Africa: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. J of Fish Biol, 50: 1329-1338.
Echi, P. C., Suresh, K., Sanil, G., Iyaji, F. O., Nwani, C. D., & Ejere, V. C. (2015). Mitochondrial DNA resolution of two new sequences Polyacanthorhynchus echiyensis n. sp. and Polyacanthorhynchus nigerianus n. sp.(Polyacanthocephala: Acanthocephala) in a parentenic host from a tropical River. Environment Conservation Journal, 16(1&2), 13-17.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0)
© ASEA
Received: 30.12.2014
Revised:21.02.2015
Accepted: 23.04.2015
First Online: 12.06. 2015
Publisher Name: Action for Sustainable Efficacious Development and Awareness (ASEA)
Print : 0972-3099
Online :2278-5124