img1
Environment
Conservation Journal

"An International Journal Devoted to Conservation of Environment"

(A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL)

ISSN: 2278-5124 (Online) :: ISSN: 0972-3099 (Print)

img2
Environment
Conservation Journal

"An International Journal Devoted to Conservation of Environment"

(A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL)

ISSN: 2278-5124 (Online) :: ISSN: 0972-3099 (Print)

img3
Environment
Conservation Journal

"An International Journal Devoted to Conservation of Environment"

(A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL)

ISSN: 2278-5124 (Online) :: ISSN: 0972-3099 (Print)

img4
Environment
Conservation Journal

"An International Journal Devoted to Conservation of Environment"

(A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL)

ISSN: 2278-5124 (Online) :: ISSN: 0972-3099 (Print)

img5
Environment
Conservation Journal

"An International Journal Devoted to Conservation of Environment"

(A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL)

ISSN: 2278-5124 (Online) :: ISSN: 0972-3099 (Print)

previous arrow
next arrow

Biodiversity: Concept, threats and conservation

Rawat U.S.  

Shri Dev Suman Uttarakhand University, Badshahithaul -Tehri Garhwal (India)

Agarwal N.K.

Department of Zoology, School of Life Science,HNB Garhwal University Campus Badshshithaul- Tehri Garhwal

Abstract

The seasonal physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chlorides, salinity and electrical conductivity were determined seasonally from Girna, Ozarkhed, Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs of Nasik district. Results of the present study indicated that the mean values of temperature, pH and total alkalinity were highest in summer season and lowest in winter season, mean values of dissolved oxygen was highest in winter season and lowest in summer season. The mean values of total hardness, salinity, chloride and electrical conductivity were highest during summer season and lowest during monsoon, in surface water sampled from four studied reservoirs. Thus result clearly indicated that the surface water of Girna reservoir was more polluted than other three reservoirs, while surface water of Gangapur reservoir was less polluted than other three studied reservoirs.

Biodiversity, conservation, ecosystem services

Agarwal, N.K., 2011. Cryopreservation of Fish Semen In. J.P. Bhatt, Madhu Thapliyal and Ashish Thapliyal (eds.), Himalayan Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation & New Tools in Biotechnology, Transmedia Publication, Srinagar (Garhawal) Uttarakhand. pp: 104-127.

Agarwal, N.K., Raghuvanshi, S.K. and Saini, V., 2009. Cryopreservation of snowtrout (S.richardsonii) milt as a means for propagation and ex-situ conservation of species In. W.S. Lakra, A.K., Singh and P.C. Mahanta (eds.), Fish Genetic Resources, Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi. pp: 273-284.

Agarwal, N. K., Singh, G. and Rawat, U.S., 2014. Present status and threats to the Ichthyofaunal diversity of a snow fed river Nandakini in central Himalaya (Garhwal), India In. Rawat U.S. & Semwal V.P. (eds.), Uttarakhand Disaster: Contemporary issue of Climate Change and Development with Holistic Approach, Winsar Publication, Dehradun, India. pp: 173-182.

Ayoade, A. A., Agarwal, N.K and Chandola-Saklani, A., 2009. Changes in Physico-chemical Features and Plankton of Two Regulated High Altitude Rivers, Garhwal Himalaya, India. European Journal of Scientific Research, 27 (1): 77-92.Agarwal, N.K., Singh, G. and Singh, H., 2011. Present status of Icthyofaunal diversity of Garhwal Himalayan river Bhilangna and its tributaries with reference to changing environment.  Environment Conservation Journal, 12(3): 101-108.

Balmori, A. and Hallberg, Ö., 2007. The Urban Decline of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus): A Possible Link with Electromagnetic Radiation. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 26 (2): 141–151. doi:10.1080/15368370701410558.PMID 17613041

CBD, 2011. Incentive measures for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity: Case studies and lessons learned. CBD Technical Series No.56. pp 64

CBD , 2014. Fast facts: Biodiversity supporting development’ in CBD- Get ready for 2015. In www.cbd.int/spIUCN, Facts and figures on biodiversity. Retrieved on 02 sep 2015

Dobhal, R.,  Kumar,  A. and Rawat S., 2011. Conservation and management of bio-resources In Uttarakhnad,  India In. Y. Gokhale and A.K. Negi (eds.), Community based bio-diversity conservation in the Himalay, The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI), New Delhi.  pp: 1-19.

Dumont, E.,  2012. Estimated impact of global population growth on future wilderness extent. Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3: 433–452.Bibcode:2012ESDD….3..433Ddoi:10.5194/esdd-3-433-2012.

Field, R., Hawkins, B. A., Cornell, H.V., Currie, D.J., Diniz-Filho, J.,  Alexandre, F., Guégan, Jean-François; Kaufman, D.M., Kerr, J.T., Mittelbach, G.G., Oberdorff, T., O’Brien, E. M. and Turner, J. R. G., 2009. Spatial species-richness gradients across scales: a meta-analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 36 (1): 132–147. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699. 2008. 01963.x.

Gaston, K.J., 2000. Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature, 405 (6783): 220–227. doi:10.1038/35012228PMID 10821282.

Green, R. E., Newton, I., Shultz, S., Cunningham, A. A., Gilbert, M., Pain, D. J. and Prakash, V., 2004.  Diclofenac poisoning as a cause of vulture population declines across the Indian subcontinent. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(5): 793–800. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8901. 2004. 00954.x.

McPeek, M.A. and Brown, J.M., 2007. Clade Age and Not Diversification Rate Explains Species Richness among Animal Taxa. The American Naturalist, 169 (4): E97–E106.  doi:10.1086/512135. PMID 17427118

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC

Mora, C., Tittensor, D.P., Adl, S., Simpson, A.G. and Worm, B., 2011. How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?PLOS Biology. 9(8): e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127. Retrieved on 26 May 2015.

 Muralidharan, S., Dhananjayan, V., Risebrough, R., Prakash, V., Jayakumar, R. and Bloom, Peter H., 2008. Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Tissues and Eggs of White-Backed Vulture, Gyps bengalensis from Different Locations in India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81 (6): 561–565. doi:10.1007/s00128-008-9529-z.  18806909.

Mutia, T.M., 2009. Biodiversity conservation. Short Course IV on Exploration for Geothermal Resources, organized by UNU-GTP, KenGen and GDC, at Lake Naivasha, Kenya. pp:9

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Kent, J., Mittermeier, C. G., Da Fonseca, G. A. B. and Kent, J., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.  Nature ,403 (6772): 853–858. Bibcode:2000 Natur.403..853M. doi:10.1038/ 35002501.  PMID  10706275.

Prakash, V., 2007. Recent changes in populations of resident Gyps vultures in IndiaJournal of Bombay Natural History Society, 104 (2): 129–135.

Rabosky, D.L., 2009. Ecological limits and diversification rate: alternative paradigms to explain the variation in species richness among clades and regions. Ecology Letters, 12 (8): 735–743. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01333.x. PMID 19558515.

Rawat, G.S., 1998. Temperate and alpine grassland of the Himalaya: Ecology and Conservation. Parks, 8(3): 27-36.

Rawat, U.S. and Semwal V.P., 2014. Uttarakhand Disaster: Contemporary issue of Climate Change and Development with Holistic Approach, Winsar Publication Dehradun, India. pp: 417. 

Singh, J.S. and Khurana, E., 2002. Paradigms of biodiversity: An overview. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy, 3:273-296.

Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R., 2006. Biodiversity In: Ecology, Environment and Resource Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi. pp 519-553.

Spellerberg, I.F. and Hardes, S.R., 1992. Biological conservation. Cambridge University Press. pp:123.

Surkar, D., 2015. Conserving Biodiversity in India. Retrieved on 02 Sept 2015 http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/ Radioserials/ Conserving _Biodiversity2.pdf

Swanson, T.M., 1995. The economics and ecology of biodiversity decline – The forces driving global change. Cambridge University Press, pp: 176.

Tittensor, D. P., Mora, C., Jetz, W., Lotze, H. K., Ricard, D., Berghe, E., Vanden Worm, B.,  Jetz, W.,  Lotze, H. K.,  Ricard, D.,  Berghe, E. V., Worm, B., 2010. Global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity across taxa. Nature, 466 (7310):1098–1101. Bibcode:2010Natur.466.1098T. doi : 10.1038/nature09329.PMID 20668450.

Tolba M. K. ; El-Kholy, O. A.;  El-Hinnawi, E.; Holdgate, M. W.;  McMichael, D. F.;  Munn, R. E. 1992. The world environment 1972-1992: Two decades of challenge. Chapman & Hall, New York.

Wetangula, G. and Ajayi, J., 2002. Power development and nature conservation – two scenarios. University of Iceland, Iceland and Olkaria Geothermal Power Project, Naivasha, Kenya.

World Population Growth, 1950–2050. Population Reference Bureau, Living Planet Report 2014, World Wildlife Fund, http://assets.worldwildlife.org/ publications/723/files / original/LPR2014_ low_res-.pdf?1412025775 retrieved October 4, 2014.

Rawat, U. S., & Agarwal, N. K. (2015). Biodiversity: concept, threats and conservation. Environment Conservation Journal16(3), 19-28.

https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2015.16303

Received: 15.06.2015

Revised: 12.09.2015

Accepted: 18.10.2015

First Online: 15.12. 2015

https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2015.16303

MANUSCRIPT STATISTICS

Publisher Name:  Action for Sustainable Efficacious Development and Awareness (ASEA)

Print : 0972-3099           

Online :2278-5124